Overview
Transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN) is a usually self-limiting and benign condition characterised by tachypnoea and additional features of respiratory distress which generally resolves within 1-2 days.
It occurs due to retained fluid in the lungs due to delayed absorption. It is more common after caesarean sections and is thought to be due to the fact the lung fluid has not been ‘squeezed out’ as the baby passes through the birth canal.
TTN is a diagnosis of exclusion and infant respiratory distress syndrome must be ruled out as its early stages can present similarly to TTN.
Risk Factors
- Male sex
- Prematurity
- Small or large for gestational age
- Maternal diabetes
Presentation
Respiratory distress is seen within minutes after birth:
- Tachypnoea
- Nasal flaring
- Grunting
- Chest recessions
- Crackles may be heard on auscultation
- Cyanosis may be seen
Investigations
Overview
- Chest X-ray:
- May show hyperinflation of the lungs and fluid in the lung fissures
Management
Overview
Since TTN is self-limiting, treatment mainly involves observation and supportive care, such as giving supplementary oxygen.
Prognosis
- TTN usually resolves within 48 hours
